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RBMA Block 1: Systems Thinking and System Analysis

1.2 – Layer Analysis

The founding fathers of geography like Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) and Carl Ritter (1779–1859) recognized the landscape as a comprehensive system of systems. The American landscape architect Ian McHarg introduced the “layer cake model” for reasons of spatial analysis and planning in his seminal work Design with Nature (1969).

McHarg pleaded for a sound approach to landscape and ecology in planning major infrastructural works, using a ‘layer cake model’ to get a grip on the complex system of the landscape.

With the 3-layer planning concept in place, projects can be developed that make the best use of the different layers. If a project has a positive effect on all three levels, it is a good, integrated project and a very efficient investment. Such a project will easily gain public support.

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  34. https://www.harvard.edu/ March 14, 2025

    # Harvard University: A Legacy of Excellence and Innovation

    ## A Brief History of Harvard University

    Founded in 1636, **Harvard University** is the oldest and one of the most prestigious higher education institutions in the United States. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard has built a global reputation for academic excellence, groundbreaking research, and influential alumni. From its humble beginnings as a small college established to educate clergy, it has evolved into a world-leading university that shapes the future across various disciplines.

    ## Harvard’s Impact on Education and Research

    Harvard is synonymous with **innovation and intellectual leadership**. The university boasts:

    – **12 degree-granting schools**, including the renowned **Harvard Business School**, **Harvard Law School**, and **Harvard Medical School**.
    – **A faculty of world-class scholars**, many of whom are Nobel laureates, Pulitzer Prize winners, and pioneers in their fields.
    – **Cutting-edge research**, with Harvard leading initiatives in artificial intelligence, public health, climate change, and more.

    Harvard’s contribution to research is immense, with billions of dollars allocated to scientific discoveries and technological advancements each year.

    ## Notable Alumni: The Leaders of Today and Tomorrow

    Harvard has produced some of the **most influential figures** in history, spanning politics, business, entertainment, and science. Among them are:

    – **Barack Obama & John F. Kennedy** – Former U.S. Presidents
    – **Mark Zuckerberg & Bill Gates** – Tech visionaries (though Gates did not graduate)
    – **Natalie Portman & Matt Damon** – Hollywood icons
    – **Malala Yousafzai** – Nobel Prize-winning activist

    The university continues to cultivate future leaders who shape industries and drive global progress.

    ## Harvard’s Stunning Campus and Iconic Library

    Harvard’s campus is a blend of **historical charm and modern innovation**. With over **200 buildings**, it features:

    – The **Harvard Yard**, home to the iconic **John Harvard Statue** (and the famous “three lies” legend).
    – The **Widener Library**, one of the largest university libraries in the world, housing **over 20 million volumes**.
    – State-of-the-art research centers, museums, and performing arts venues.

    ## Harvard Traditions and Student Life

    Harvard offers a **rich student experience**, blending academics with vibrant traditions, including:

    – **Housing system:** Students live in one of 12 residential houses, fostering a strong sense of community.
    – **Annual Primal Scream:** A unique tradition where students de-stress by running through Harvard Yard before finals!
    – **The Harvard-Yale Game:** A historic football rivalry that unites alumni and students.

    With over **450 student organizations**, Harvard students engage in a diverse range of extracurricular activities, from entrepreneurship to performing arts.

    ## Harvard’s Global Influence

    Beyond academics, Harvard drives change in **global policy, economics, and technology**. The university’s research impacts healthcare, sustainability, and artificial intelligence, with partnerships across industries worldwide. **Harvard’s endowment**, the largest of any university, allows it to fund scholarships, research, and public initiatives, ensuring a legacy of impact for generations.

    ## Conclusion

    Harvard University is more than just a school—it’s a **symbol of excellence, innovation, and leadership**. Its **centuries-old traditions, groundbreaking discoveries, and transformative education** make it one of the most influential institutions in the world. Whether through its distinguished alumni, pioneering research, or vibrant student life, Harvard continues to shape the future in profound ways.

    Would you like to join the ranks of Harvard’s legendary scholars? The journey starts with a dream—and an application!

    https://www.harvard.edu/

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  36. https://www.harvard.edu/ March 14, 2025

    # Harvard University: A Legacy of Excellence and Innovation

    ## A Brief History of Harvard University

    Founded in 1636, **Harvard University** is the oldest and one of the most prestigious higher education institutions in the United States. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard has built a global reputation for academic excellence, groundbreaking research, and influential alumni. From its humble beginnings as a small college established to educate clergy, it has evolved into a world-leading university that shapes the future across various disciplines.

    ## Harvard’s Impact on Education and Research

    Harvard is synonymous with **innovation and intellectual leadership**. The university boasts:

    – **12 degree-granting schools**, including the renowned **Harvard Business School**, **Harvard Law School**, and **Harvard Medical School**.
    – **A faculty of world-class scholars**, many of whom are Nobel laureates, Pulitzer Prize winners, and pioneers in their fields.
    – **Cutting-edge research**, with Harvard leading initiatives in artificial intelligence, public health, climate change, and more.

    Harvard’s contribution to research is immense, with billions of dollars allocated to scientific discoveries and technological advancements each year.

    ## Notable Alumni: The Leaders of Today and Tomorrow

    Harvard has produced some of the **most influential figures** in history, spanning politics, business, entertainment, and science. Among them are:

    – **Barack Obama & John F. Kennedy** – Former U.S. Presidents
    – **Mark Zuckerberg & Bill Gates** – Tech visionaries (though Gates did not graduate)
    – **Natalie Portman & Matt Damon** – Hollywood icons
    – **Malala Yousafzai** – Nobel Prize-winning activist

    The university continues to cultivate future leaders who shape industries and drive global progress.

    ## Harvard’s Stunning Campus and Iconic Library

    Harvard’s campus is a blend of **historical charm and modern innovation**. With over **200 buildings**, it features:

    – The **Harvard Yard**, home to the iconic **John Harvard Statue** (and the famous “three lies” legend).
    – The **Widener Library**, one of the largest university libraries in the world, housing **over 20 million volumes**.
    – State-of-the-art research centers, museums, and performing arts venues.

    ## Harvard Traditions and Student Life

    Harvard offers a **rich student experience**, blending academics with vibrant traditions, including:

    – **Housing system:** Students live in one of 12 residential houses, fostering a strong sense of community.
    – **Annual Primal Scream:** A unique tradition where students de-stress by running through Harvard Yard before finals!
    – **The Harvard-Yale Game:** A historic football rivalry that unites alumni and students.

    With over **450 student organizations**, Harvard students engage in a diverse range of extracurricular activities, from entrepreneurship to performing arts.

    ## Harvard’s Global Influence

    Beyond academics, Harvard drives change in **global policy, economics, and technology**. The university’s research impacts healthcare, sustainability, and artificial intelligence, with partnerships across industries worldwide. **Harvard’s endowment**, the largest of any university, allows it to fund scholarships, research, and public initiatives, ensuring a legacy of impact for generations.

    ## Conclusion

    Harvard University is more than just a school—it’s a **symbol of excellence, innovation, and leadership**. Its **centuries-old traditions, groundbreaking discoveries, and transformative education** make it one of the most influential institutions in the world. Whether through its distinguished alumni, pioneering research, or vibrant student life, Harvard continues to shape the future in profound ways.

    Would you like to join the ranks of Harvard’s legendary scholars? The journey starts with a dream—and an application!

    https://www.harvard.edu/

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